Erbil Mutasarif (governors) and their policies in political situations and role in construction between 1923-1945

Abstract

The British Army were able to occupy Erbil on 10-11-1918, ten days after signing the Mondros -ceasefire, between The Ottoman Empire and the Great Britain. They formed a local administration in Erbil under the previous Mayor (Ahmed Usman), who had acted as a (local governor or vice Mutasarif), namely belonged to the (Fatah Pasha) Kirkuk’s Mutasarif, until 1923. After this transition period, Iraqi Monarch issued an official order that recognized (Ahmad Usman) as official governor of Erbil, continued his task till 1927. Erbil Mutasarif (governors) who were 11 people, except First Mutasarif (governor) the rest of them came from outside of Erbil such as Kirkuk, Mosul, and Sulaimaniya, the period the governing of some of them less than two weeks. The period which is dedicated to this topic, the set of significant changes took place either political situation or developing construction. These Mutasarif (governors) played major role in those events, which affected Erbil and its countryside positively and negatively. These events were can be classified such as: visiting a Kurdish revolver (Smko Shikak 1887-1930) in 1922, a Turkish Officer (Euzdemir) to Rawanduz district in 1922 who made chaos to the region, first king of Iraq (Faisal bin Hussein 1883-1933) in 1924 who reclaimed to annex Southern Kurdistan to Iraq, and the delegation of League of Nations in 1925 to listen people in order to make the decision about disputed area (Mosul Vilayet-Southern Kurdistan) either to be part of Iraq or Turkey.