The Role of Political Opposition in the Constracting of Civil Society a Field Study in Sulaimani City

چکیده

The division of the society into social classes led to the emergence of rulers and ruled. This in turn, made the relationship between the individuals and the ruling political authority as one of the most important issues for human thought. Human groups became political societies and in the light of these changes, power sharing becomes a social and political phenomenon.

It is evident that societies consist of individuals with different dispositions, viewpoints and positions from what happens in their political, social, economic and cultural environment. It is also obvious that they have diverse understanding and suggestions to tackle their problems and methods which they adapt to achieve progress in the future. On the basis of this division and difference, political opposition comes into sight. The existence of political opposition is essential for the stability and evolution of societies. Political opposition paves the way for constructive political competition between political parties, and offers a real constitutional guarantee for peaceful transition of power and encourages dialogue and interaction between different political standpoints that aim at developing solutions to political and social problems. Moreover, it is not possible to build a democratic regime and civil state without a change in the relationship between the State and political opposition. This relationship should transform from a relationship marked by oppression to a relationship shaped and governed by constitution. The aim is, to prevent political despotism, humanize social relationships, create enlightened public opinion and raise individual's awareness with respect to their rights and duties.