A Critical analysis of Space in language variation and change: some examples of English and Kurdish languages

چکیده

This study will investigate the concept of space as a significant topic in dialectology, language and change, its three main categories which together construct spatiality: Euclidian space , Social Space and Perceived space. Furthermore, it will highlight the key types of methodologies employed by the early and contemporary dialectologists, Variationists and ethnographers who made a great contribution to the space, taking advantage of descriptive qualitative approach.  This paper, also, aims at discussing some drawbacks in the interpretation of the space among sociolinguists and presenting some solutions for the issue. For example, labov, for his early study in New York City, took a restricted area, whereas other dialectologists have taken into consideration expanded areas of dialectology, language and Change. Likewise, it will shed light on some examples of space in both English and Kurdish languages. Finally, some key factors which can play key roles in the construction of space will be elucidated.