The principle of independence in drafting and amending the constitution

Abstract

The constitution represents the backbone of the legal and political system of any state. It defines the nature of the system of governance، establishes the rules that regulate the relationship between the state and its citizens، and provides the necessary guarantees to protect individual rights and freedoms. This research examines the impact of international changes and global legal principles، particularly those related to human rights protection، on national constitutions and the extent to which these factors affect the autonomy of states in drafting their constitutions. The study focuses on the central question of whether the process of drafting or amending constitutions has relinquished its purely domestic nature due to increasing international pressures and influences، or whether states still retain their sovereign right to draft and amend their constitutions in accordance with their internal will and circumstances.